TMJ Relax & TMJ Education Works Cited



  1. Ahlgren, J et al. “An electromyographic analysis of the temporalis function of normal occlusion.” American journal of orthodontics vol. 87,3 (1985): 230-9. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(85)90044-2

  2. Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Radwan Algabri, […], and Sary Borzangy Alkhudhairy MW, Al Ramel F, Al Jader G, Al Saegh L, Al Hadad A, Alalwan T, Al Shaikh D, Al Bandar M. A Self-Reported Association between Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Headaches, and Stress. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018 Jul-Aug;8(4):371-380. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_177_18. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30123773; PMCID: PMC6071353.

  3. Alqutaibi, Ahmed & Aboalrejal, Afaf. (2015). Types of Occlusal Splint in Management of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Journal of Arthritis. 04. 10.4172/2167-7921.1000176. 

  4. Al-Rafah, Eman M et al. “The efficacy of bilateral balanced and canine guidance occlusal splints in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder.” Oral health and dental management vol. 13,2 (2014): 536-42.

  5. American Dental Association, et al. How to Use Evidence-Based Dental Practices to Improve Clinical Decision-Making. American Dental Association, 2019.

  6. Baş, Burcu & Celebi, Nükhet & Ural, Çağrı & Hoşgör, Hatice & Yılmaz, Canay & Alkan, Alper. (2012). Stabilization splint therapy in temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement with reduction: A retrospective analysis. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 22. 251-257. 

  7. Blumenfeld AM, Boyd JP. Adjunctive treatment of chronic migraine using an oral dental device: overview and results of a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. BMC Neurol. 2022 Mar 4;22(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12883-022-02591-8. PMID: 35246048; PMCID: PMC8895632.

  8. Dawson, Peter E. Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design. Mosby, 2006. Does the facebow affect the outcome of CAD/CAM occlusal splint. Randomized clinical trial Saudi Dent J. 2021 Nov; 33(7): 628–634.

  9. Ernberg, Malin, and Per Alstergren. Clinical Cases in Orofacial Pain. John Wiley & Sons, 2017.

  10. Fields, Henry W., et al. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th ed., Mosby, 2018.

  11. Forssell, H et al. “Changes in headache after treatment of mandibular dysfunction.” Cephalalgia: an international journal of headache vol. 5,4 (1985): 229-36. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1985.0504229

  12. Gaowgzeh, Riziq Allah et al. “Prevalence of and risk factors for low back pain among dentists.” Journal of physical therapy science vol. 27,9 (2015): 2803-6. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.2803

  13. Gholampour, S., Gholampour, H. & Khanmohammadi, H. Finite element analysis of occlusal splint therapy in patients with bruxism. BMC Oral Health 19, 205 (2019). 

  14. Gümüş, Hasan Önder et al. “Computerized analysis of occlusal contacts in bruxism patients treated with occlusal splint therapy.” The journal of advanced prosthodontics vol. 5,3 (2013): 256-61. 

  15. Guo, Yn., Cui, Sj., Zhou, Yh. et al. An Overview of Anterior Repositioning Splint Therapy for Disc Displacement-related Temporomandibular Disorders. CURR MED SCI 41, 626–634 (2021). 

  16. Hamata, Marcelo Matida et al. “Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of occlusal splints fabricated in centric relation or maximum intercuspation in temporomandibular disorders patients.” Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB vol. 17,1 (2009): 32-8. 

  17. Herrera-Valencia A, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Martin-Martin J, Cuesta-Vargas A, González-Sánchez M. Effcacy of Manual Therapy in TemporomandibularJoint Disorders and Its Medium-and Long-TermEffects on Pain and Maximum Mouth Opening:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 23;9(11):3404. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113404. PMID: 33114236; PMCID: PMC7690916.

  18. Jokstad, Asbjorn et al. “Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy.” Acta odontologica Scandinavica vol. 63,4 (2005): 218-26. doi:10.1080/00016350510019982

  19. Kemper, J T Jr, and J P Okeson. “Craniomandibular disorders and headaches.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry vol. 49,5 (1983): 702-5. doi:10.1016/0022-3913(83)90400-6

  20. Kikuchi, M et al. “The association among occlusal contacts, clenching effort, and bite force distribution in man.” Journal of dental research vol. 76,6 (1997): 1316-25. 

  21. Kim MR, Graber TM, Viana MA. Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorder: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002 May;121(5):438-46. doi: 10.1067/mod.2002.121665. PMID: 12045761.

  22. Kim, Myung-Rip et al. “Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorder: a meta-analysis.” American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics vol. 121,5 (2002): 438-46. doi:10.1067/mod.2002.121665

  23. Kurita H, Kurashina K, Kotani A. Clinical effect of full coverage occlusal splint therapy for specific temporomandibular disorder conditions and symptoms. J Prosthet Dent. 1997 Nov;78(5):506-10. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3913(97)70067-2. PMID: 9399195.

  24. Laskin, Daniel M., et al., editors. Temporomandibular Disorders: An Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment. Quintessence Publishing, 2006.

  25. Leblebicioğlu Kurtuluş, İkbal. (2018). Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Different Types of Splint Used in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 6. 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.06.001342. 

  26. Li DTS, Leung YY. Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Concepts and Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 6;11(3):459. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11030459. PMID: 33800948; PMCID: PMC8000442.

  27. MacDonald, J W, and A G Hannam. “Relationship between occlusal contacts and jaw-closing muscle activity during tooth clenching: Part I.” The Journal of prosthetic dentistry vol. 52,5 (1984): 718-28. 

  28. Newman, Michael G., et al. Newman and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 13th ed., Saunders, 2021.

  29. Nihat Akbulut, Ahmet Altan, Sibel Akbulut, Cemal Atakan, “Evaluation of the 3 mm Thickness Splint Therapy on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs)”, Pain Research and Management, vol. 2018, Article ID 3756587, 7 pages, 2018. 

  30. Norton, Neil S. Netter’s Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry. 3rd ed., Elsevier – Health Sciences Division, 2021.

  31. Okeson, J P. “The effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nocturnal bruxism.” Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) vol. 114,6 (1987): 788-91. 

  32. Okeson, Jeffrey P. Bells Oral and Facial Pain. 7th ed., Quintessence Publishing, 2014.

  33. Okeson, Jeffrey P. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 8th ed., Mosby, 2019.

  34. Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management. Quintessence Publishing, 2018.

  35. Peterson, Cynthia. Tmj Healing Plan: Ten Steps to Relieving Headaches, Neck Pain, and Jaw Disorders. Hunter House, 2010.

  36. Poorna T, Anish et al. “Comparison of the effectiveness of soft and hard splints in the symptomatic management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A randomized control study.” International journal of rheumatic diseases vol. 25,9 (2022): 1053-1059. 

  37. Qi, Kun et al. “Comparison of posterior occlusion between patients with anterior open bite and scissor deep bite.” The Journal of international medical research vol. 46,6 (2018): 2284-2291. 

  38. Ramachandran, Anu et al. “Effect of deprogramming splint and occlusal equilibration on condylar position of TMD patients – A CBCT assessment.” Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice vol. 39,4 (2021): 294-302. 

  39. Schiffman, Eric et al. “Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group†.” Journal of oral & facial pain and headache vol. 28,1 (2014): 6-27. doi:10.11607/jop.1151

  40. Seifeldin, Sameh A, and Khaled A Elhayes. “Soft versus hard occlusal splint therapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).” The Saudi dental journal vol. 27,4 (2015): 208-14. 

  41. Si-Hui Zhang, Kai-Xun He, Chen-Jing Lin, Xiang-Dong Liu, Ling Wu, Jiang Chen & Xiaohui Rausch-Fan (2020) Efficacy of occlusal splints in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 78:8, 580-589.

  42. Sletten WO, Taylor LP, Good acre CJ, Dumont TD. The effect of specially designed and managed occlusal devices on patient symptoms and pain: a cohort study. Gen Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;63(2):46-52.

  43. Waltimo, A, and M Könönen. “Bite force on single as opposed to all maxillary front teeth.” Scandinavian journal of dental research vol. 102,6 (1994): 372-5.

  44. Wieckiewicz M, Shiau YY, Boening K. Pain of Temporomandibular Disorders: From Etiology to Management. Pain Res Manag. 2018 Jun 20;2018:4517042. doi: 10.1155/2018/4517042. PMID: 30026884; PMCID: PMC6031157.

  45. Zhang, Chao et al. “Efficacy of splint therapy for the management of temporomandibular disorders: a meta-analysis.” Oncotarget vol. 7,51 (2016): 84043-84053.